Hornbeck compares Cates to Socrates and Romeo because they, like Cates, went against the "norm" of their particular society. Romeo fell in love with Juliet, whose family is one of Romeo's family's enemies. For the two of them to be together would have been unheard of, but they were together anyway. Socrates also had views that differentiated from most people of his time. The fact that Cates believes in the scientific theory of evolution goes against the belief of his community, this makes him very similar to the two of them.